A law in physics is a statement or mathematical equation describing a consistent and universal principle of nature. It is based on experimental observations and remains valid under specific conditions. Laws explain natural phenomena like motion energy or gravity and are fundamental to understanding th
Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids examines how solids deform under stress. It covers key concepts such as stress strain elasticity and plasticity. The chapter discusses important principles including Young’s modulus bulk modulus shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Understanding these properties is essential for evaluating material behavior in engineering applications.
Hooke’s Law states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
F = -kx
where F is the restoring force exerted by the spring k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
Experimental Verification:
To verify Hooke’s Law experimentally, the following steps can be followed:
1. Setup: Attach a spring vertically to a fixed support and hang weights from the free end of the spring. Use a ruler or measuring tape to measure the displacement.
2. Apply Weights: Gradually add known weights to the spring and measure the extension (displacement) of the spring each time a weight is added. Ensure that the weights are added incrementally and the spring is not overstretched.
3. Record Data: Record the weight applied (force) and the corresponding displacement of the spring.
4. Plotting Graph: Plot a graph of the applied force (y-axis) against the displacement (x-axis). According to Hooke’s Law, the graph should be a straight line passing through the origin, indicating that the force is directly proportional to the displacement.
5. Determine the Spring Constant: The slope of the linear graph gives the value of the spring constant (k), confirming the validity of Hooke’s Law.
By conducting this experiment, one can observe that the extension of the spring is proportional to the applied force, thereby verifying Hooke’s Law.
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