“You may take it from me that I am not going to strike a bargain with the Viceroy for ministries and the like. I am not going to be satisfied with anything short of complete freedom. Maybe, he will propose the abolition of the salt tax, the drink evil, etc. But I will say, “Nothing less than freedom.” Here is a mantra, a short one, that I give you. You may imprint it on your hearts and let every breath of yours give expression to it. The mantra is: ‘Do or Die’. We shall either free India or die in the attempt; we shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery. Every true Congressman or woman will join the struggle with an inflexible determination not to remain alive to see the country in bondage and slavery. Let that be your pledge. Keep jails out of your consideration.”
(i) Explain any one key impact that Gandhiji’s rejection of “striking a bargain with the Viceroy for ministries and the like” had on the people participating in the freedom struggle.
(ii) How did this mantra differ from earlier strategies employed in the struggle for independence?
(iii) Discuss the economic context and political climate that led to the adoption of the ‘Do or Die’ mantra.
Gandhiji’s Address at A.I.C.C. and the ‘Do or Die’ Mantra
1.Rejecting Bargain with the Viceroy:
– Signaled a shift from seeking concessions to demanding complete freedom.
– Instilled unity and determination among freedom fighters.
2. Contrast with Earlier Strategies:
– Departed from prior non-violent protests and negotiations for partial reforms.
– Urged an uncompromising approach, symbolizing readiness for sacrifice.
3. Economic Context and Political Climate:
– Economic exploitation and unfair policies aggravated discontent.
– Failed attempts to address socio-economic issues fueled frustration.
– Gandhiji’s call resonated with growing desire for absolute independence.
4. Impact on Freedom Struggle:
– Galvanized the masses towards a more assertive and resolute struggle.
– Shifted focus from incremental reforms to a resolute pursuit of complete freedom.