On increasing the temperature of a substance gradually, its colour becomes
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It determines the direction of heat flow, from hotter to cooler objects. Temperature is commonly measured in degrees Celsius, Fahrenheit or Kelvin. It plays a key role in various physical and chemical processes.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 10 Thermal Properties of Matter covers topics like temperature heat and specific heat capacity. It explains thermal expansion and calorimetry. The chapter also explores heat transfer through conduction and convection and introduces the laws of thermodynamics. Additionally it discusses the behavior of gases under varying temperature and pressure conditions.
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Explanation:
As the temperature of a substance is increased, it emits thermal radiation, and its color changes because the radiation spectrum shifts towards shorter wavelengths:
1. When the temperature is lower, the substance emits infrared radiation, which is not visible.
2. With increasing temperature, it begins to emit red light which is the first coloured light.
3. The glow now becomes yellow with further heating and eventually goes white when the emitted light ranges over a bigger spectrum, covering the whole visible wavelengths.
This happens to be due to blackbody radiation and Planck’s law in which higher temperatures correspond to higher-energy radiation while, at the same time, there is a shift in the emission spectrum.
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