The petroleum product extensively used for surfacing roads is known as “bitumen” or “asphalt.” Bitumen, derived from crude oil refining, is a viscous, dark substance. Mixed with aggregate materials such as gravel, sand, and crushed stone, it forms asphalt concrete. This composite material is employed in road construction, offering durability, weather resistance, and a smooth driving surface, ensuring the longevity and quality of roads, highways, and pavements.