Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad bin Sam, came from the Shansbani or Ghurid dynasty, which controlled the mountainous region of Ghor in present-day Afghanistan. This dynasty emerged as a strong power after defeating the Ghaznavids. Ghori expanded eastward and launched successive campaigns into India, culminating in the decisive Second Battle of Tarain in 1192. His victories broke Rajput power and allowed his general Qutbuddin Aibak to lay the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. Ghori belonged neither to the Yamini (Ghaznavid) dynasty nor to later dynasties like the Khiljis or Ghulams.