Moment of inertia of a body depends upon

The moment of inertia is an important concept in physics, expressing how difficult it is to alter the rotational motion of the body about a certain axis. Such a property essentially depends on the chosen axis of rotation. With respect to any rotating object, its mass distribution determines the moment of inertia of the body under consideration. In essence, the greater the mass located away from the axis, the greater the moment of inertia. For example, take a solid cylinder and place it on a rotational motion track; then, spin it around its central axis. Rotate the same cylinder around the axis of its radius. The distribution of mass relative to the selection of an axis is what will ultimately determine the moment of inertia.

Other factors, for example, the Earth’s gravitational constant or the relativistic effects of the Earth’s motion around the sun, do not affect the moment of inertia of an object directly. Understanding how the axis of rotation affects the moment of inertia is critical in applications that range from engineering to astronomy wherein predicting rotational dynamics of bodies is important for stability and control.

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