Insulin, a hormone from the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels. When blood sugar rises, the pancreas produces more insulin, and as sugar levels fall, insulin secretion is reduced.
In the context of diabetes, how does insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulate blood sugar levels, and what happens when sugar levels rise or fall?
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Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells. In response to high blood sugar after a meal, insulin is released. It enhances glucose absorption by cells for energy production and promotes its storage in the liver and muscles as glycogen. When blood sugar levels fall, the pancreas releases glucagon, prompting the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. In diabetes, insufficient insulin (Type 1) or poor response to it (Type 2) leads to elevated blood sugar. Hyperglycemia causes various complications, while hypoglycemia results in dizziness, confusion, and, if severe, unconsciousness.