Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its mean position in wave motion. It determines the wave’s energy and intensity. Higher amplitude means greater energy. It is measured in meters for mechanical waves and volts for electromagnetic waves. Sound waves with higher amplitude produce louder sounds.
Chapter 13 of Class 11 Physics covers Oscillations for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains periodic motion and simple harmonic motion with concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency, and phase. The chapter also discusses energy in SHM, damped and forced oscillations, resonance, and practical applications in pendulums, springs, and mechanical systems.
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The total energy (E) in Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is expressed as:
E = (1/2) k A²
where:
– k is the force constant,
– A is the amplitude.
Because energy is proportional to A², if the amplitude A is doubled (2A), the total energy becomes:
E’ = (1/2) k (2A)² = 4 × (1/2) k A² = 4E
So, the total energy becomes four times its initial value.
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