How were unwilling cultivators made to produce opium in India? What were the effects of the policy of the govt.?

Unwilling cultivators were made to produce opium through a system of advances. The poor peasants were given advances by their village headmen mahato to produce opium. Actually, they were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loans, the cultivator was forced to grow opium on a specified area of land and handover the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested. He had no option of planting the field with a crop of his choice or of selling his produce to anyone but the government agent. And he had to accept the low price offered for the produce
(a) The effects of the policy of the government were as follows:
(i) As the prices given to the peasants were so low that the peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to take advances.
(ii) In regions around Benaras, cultivators began giving up opium cultivation. They
produced sugarcane and potatoes instead.
(iii) Many cultivators sold off their crop to travelling traders (pykars) who offered higher
prices.