The rainbow (Option A) displays seven distinct colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These colors appear due to the dispersion and refraction of sunlight through water droplets in the atmosphere. Each color corresponds to a different wavelength of light, with red having the longest wavelength and violet the shortest. Option B (10 colors) and Option C (12 colors) are incorrect as they do not align with the commonly observed sequence of rainbow colors. Option D (5 colors) is also incorrect as it underestimates the number of colors visible in a rainbow. Understanding the seven colors of the rainbow helps in appreciating how sunlight splits into its component wavelengths, creating a vivid spectrum that has fascinated observers for centuries.