How is the process of pollination different from fertilisation?

Pollination and fertilization are two distinct processes in the reproduction of flowering plants, each serving a different function in the overall life cycle. Here’s an overview of the differences between pollination and fertilization:

1. Pollination:

» Definition: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male reproductive organ (anther) of a flower to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of the same or another flower.
» Agents of Pollination: Pollination can occur through various agents, including wind, water, insects, birds, and other animals.
» Purpose: The primary purpose of pollination is to transport male gametes (in the form of pollen) to the vicinity of the female gametes within the flower.

2. Fertilization:

» Definition: Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which develops into a seed. In plants, the male gamete is contained within the pollen, and the female gamete is located in the ovule within the ovary.
» Process: After successful pollination, the pollen tube grows down the style of the flower, delivering the male gamete to the ovule. The fusion of the male and female gametes results in the formation of a zygote, which develops into a seed.
» Location: Fertilization takes place within the ovule, which is part of the ovary of the flower.

In summary, pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ to the female reproductive organ, facilitating the movement of male gametes. Fertilization, on the other hand, is the specific event where the male and female gametes fuse, leading to the formation of a zygote. While pollination is a prerequisite for fertilization, not all pollination events lead to successful fertilization. Some plants may undergo pollination but fail to produce viable seeds if the conditions for fertilization are not met.