A potential difference is created by a battery, composed of one or more electric cells. Chemical action within the cell generates this potential difference.
How is the potential difference, or electric pressure, created in a metallic wire for the flow of electric charges?
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The potential difference in a metallic wire, or electric pressure, is created by an external electric field or voltage source. When a voltage is applied across the wire, it establishes an electric field that exerts a force on the electrons within the conductor. Electrons experience a drift in the direction of the electric field, creating a net flow or current. In response to the voltage, electrons move from the region of higher potential (negative terminal) to the region of lower potential (positive terminal), establishing the flow of electric charges. This movement of electrons is essential for the conduction of electricity in metallic wires.