Methanol is mainly produced through the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, utilizing a ZnO – Cr₂O₃ catalyst. It is used as a solvent in paints, varnishes, and predominantly in the production of formaldehyde.
How is methanol primarily produced on a commercial scale, and what are its main applications?
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Methanol is primarily produced on a commercial scale through the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (CO) with synthesis gas (syngas) derived from natural gas or biomass. This process, known as the low-pressure methanol synthesis, typically employs copper-based catalysts. Methanol finds applications as a solvent, antifreeze, and as a raw material in the production of chemicals like formaldehyde, acetic acid, and various plastics. It is also used as an alternative fuel source and in the synthesis of biodiesel. Additionally, methanol is employed in the production of various pharmaceuticals, detergents, and as a denaturant in industrial ethanol.