DNA in the cell nucleus serves as the information source for making proteins. Different proteins are produced based on the information encoded in the DNA.
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DNA in the cell nucleus serves as the information source for making proteins. Different proteins are produced based on the information encoded in the DNA.
DNA plays a pivotal role in protein creation through a two-step process: transcription and translation. In transcription, a specific region of DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. This mRNA serves as a mobile copy of the genetic instructions. In translation, the mRNA interacts with ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules deliver amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids, constructing a polypeptide chain. This chain then folds into a three-dimensional structure, forming a functional protein. In essence, DNA’s sequence encodes the information needed for the precise arrangement of amino acids in proteins, orchestrating the intricate process that underlies the creation of proteins essential for various biological functions.