How is a single covalent bond formed, and what role does the shared pair of electrons play in achieving noble gas configuration?

A single covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. In this bond, each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair, completing both atoms’ outer electron shells. The shared pair of electrons allows each atom to achieve a stable, noble gas configuration by mimicking the electron arrangement of the nearest noble gas. This shared pair creates a strong electrostatic force, holding the atoms together and forming a stable molecule. The concept of electron sharing in covalent bonds ensures that both atoms attain a full complement of electrons in their outermost energy levels, resembling noble gas configurations.