How does the hybridization differ in the square planar complex [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ compared to tetrahedral complexes?

The hybridization in the square planar complex [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻ differs from tetrahedral complexes. In [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻, nickel is in the +2 oxidation state with the electronic configuration 3d⁸. The hybridization scheme involves dsp² hybridization, where one d orbital, one s orbital, and two p orbitals of nickel form four equivalent hybrid orbitals. Each cyanide ion donates a pair of electrons for bonding. This hybridization results in a square planar geometry. In contrast, tetrahedral complexes typically involve sp³ hybridization. The difference lies in the type and number of orbitals involved in the hybridization process, leading to distinct geometries.