In a myopic eye, the image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina, not directly on the retina itself. This defect can arise due to (i) excessive curvature of the eye lens or (ii) elongation of the eyeball. Using a concave lens of suitable power corrects myopia by bringing the image back onto the retina.
How does myopia affect the formation of the image in the eye, and what are the two possible causes for this refractive defect?
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Myopia, or nearsightedness, affects the formation of the image in the eye by causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This occurs due to either an elongated eyeball or excessive curvature of the cornea, leading to increased converging power. As a result, the image of distant objects is formed before reaching the retina, resulting in blurred vision. The two possible causes of myopia are an eyeball that is too long (axial myopia) or a cornea with excessive curvature (corneal myopia), both contributing to the refractive error associated with nearsightedness.