How does limiting the air supply result in incomplete combustion of saturated hydrocarbons?

Limiting the air supply during the combustion of saturated hydrocarbons leads to incomplete combustion due to insufficient oxygen for a complete reaction. Saturated hydrocarbons, like alkanes, require a precise ratio of oxygen for efficient combustion. In a limited air supply, not all carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon can form carbon dioxide, resulting in the production of carbon monoxide and carbon particles (soot). The incomplete combustion occurs as the available oxygen is insufficient to fully oxidize all carbon atoms. This process is less efficient, produces less energy, and can lead to the formation of pollutants like carbon monoxide in the incomplete combustion byproducts.