Blood sugar level, or blood glucose, measures the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. It is regulated by insulin and glucagon. Maintaining a stable level is crucial for overall health.
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Blood sugar level, or blood glucose, measures the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. It is regulated by insulin and glucagon. Maintaining a stable level is crucial for overall health.
Blood sugar, or blood glucose, regulation is a crucial aspect of maintaining homeostasis in the human body. The primary hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels are insulin and glucagon, both produced by the pancreas. Such as:
1. After a Meal (Increased Blood Sugar):
When you eat, especially foods rich in carbohydrates, the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. The increased blood glucose levels are detected by beta cells in the pancreas.
2. Insulin Release:
In response to elevated blood glucose levels, the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, especially muscle and adipose (fat) cells. It promotes the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver and muscles for short-term energy storage.
3. Decreased Blood Sugar:
As cells take up glucose, the blood sugar levels begin to decrease.
4.Between Meals (Decreased Blood Sugar):
In the fasting state or between meals, blood sugar levels may drop. Alpha cells in the pancreas detect the low blood glucose levels.
5. Glucagon Release:
In response to low blood sugar, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon signals the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. It also promotes the conversion of amino acids into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis.
6.Increased Blood Sugar:
The actions of glucagon result in an increased concentration of glucose in the blood.
This dynamic interplay between insulin and glucagon helps to maintain blood sugar levels within a narrow range, typically 70-100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) in the fasting state. The insulin and glucagon response ensures a continuous and adequate supply of glucose to meet the energy needs of the body’s cells.
Other factors, such as physical activity, stress, and certain hormones, can also influence blood sugar regulation. Hormones like cortisol and epinephrine (adrenaline) can temporarily increase blood sugar levels in response to stress or the “fight or flight” response.