Plants exchange gases through stomata, and the large inter-cellular spaces ensure that all cells are in contact with air. Stomata facilitate the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen by diffusion, depending on environmental conditions and the plant’s requirements.
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Plants exchange gases through stomata, microscopic pores primarily found on the leaf surfaces. Stomata play a crucial role in regulating gas exchange, allowing the entry of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the exit of oxygen (O2) during photosynthesis, and the opposite during respiration. The large intercellular spaces ensure that all cells are in contact with air. Stomatal openings and closures are controlled by guard cells, responding to environmental conditions and the plant’s needs. This dynamic control over gas exchange ensures optimal conditions for photosynthesis, preventing excess water loss and allowing efficient utilization of atmospheric gases in various metabolic processes within the plant.