Plant pathogens can be present in various environmental sources such as soil, water, and air. They spread through mechanisms like wind dispersal, water runoff, and soil contamination. Once pathogens come into contact with susceptible plant hosts, they can infect the plants, leading to disease development.
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Pathogens responsible for plant diseases spread and infect crops through various means. Some pathogens, like fungi and bacteria, spread through air, water, or soil, aided by wind, rain, or irrigation. Others, such as viruses, are transmitted through insect vectors like aphids or leafhoppers. Soil-borne pathogens may infect crops through contaminated soil or plant debris, while some pathogens can even be introduced through infected seeds or plant materials.