Germ cells undergo a process called meiosis, during which the chromosome number is halved. This reduction results in the formation of haploid cells with a single set of genes instead of the usual diploid cells with two sets.
How do germ cells reduce the number of gene sets from the normal two copies found in all other cells of the body?
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Germ cells, specifically eggs and sperm, undergo a process called meiosis to reduce the number of gene sets from the normal two copies found in somatic cells. Meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, resulting in four non-identical haploid cells (gametes) with half the genetic material of the parent cell. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing-over, promoting genetic diversity. The reduction in chromosome number ensures that upon fertilization, the diploid number is restored in the zygote. This reduction is crucial for maintaining the stability of the species and promoting genetic variability among offspring.