Genetic variations in genes that code for proteins involved in processes like hormone production can impact the efficiency of those processes. If an enzyme, crucial for hormone synthesis, works efficiently (due to a normal gene), the plant will be tall. However, if there’s an alteration in the gene, making the enzyme less efficient, the plant will be short.
How can variations in genes lead to different traits, like tallness or shortness in plants?
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Variations in genes can lead to different traits, such as tallness or shortness in plants, through the influence on protein synthesis. Genes contain instructions for producing specific proteins, including those involved in growth and development. Mutations or variations in these genes can alter the structure or function of proteins, impacting processes like cell elongation and division. For example, a gene regulating the synthesis of a growth-promoting hormone may undergo a mutation, resulting in either increased or decreased hormone production, leading to variations in plant height. Thus, genetic variations contribute to the diversity of traits observed in plants, including their overall stature.