A component of a given size that offers low resistance is considered a good conductor. On the other hand, a component of identical size that provides higher resistance is termed a poor conductor. An insulator, of the same size, offers even higher resistance compared to a poor conductor.
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A component’s classification as a good or poor conductor depends on its electrical conductivity. Good conductors, like metals, allow easy electron flow due to a high density of free electrons. Their low resistance facilitates efficient current transmission. Conversely, poor conductors or insulators, such as rubber or plastic, impede electron flow with a scarcity of free electrons. Conductivity is influenced by the material’s atomic structure; metals have loosely bound electrons, enabling conductivity, while insulators have tightly bound electrons hindering current flow. The intrinsic characteristics of a substance determine its effectiveness as a conductor or insulator in an electric circuit.