NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 9
Heredity and Evolution
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Exercises Questions
Page No-159
Questions No-5
How are the areas of study – evolution and classification – interlinked?
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Classification involves grouping of organism into a formal system based on similarities in
internal and external structure or evolutionary history.
Two species are more closely related if they have more characteristics in common. And if
two species are more closely related, then it means they have a more recent ancestor.
For example, in a family, a brother and sister are closely related and they have a recent
common ancestor i.e., their parents. A brother and his cousin are also related but less
than the sister and her brother. This is because the brother and his cousin have a common
ancestor i.e., their grandparents in the second generation whereas the parents were from
the first generation.
With subsequent generations, the variations make organisms more different than their
ancestors.
This discussion clearly proves that we classify organisms according to their resemblance
which is similar to creating an evolutionary tree.
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Classification is influenced by evolution. The modern system of classification is also called phylogenetic classification; which means it is based on evolutionary relationships. Organism classification is based on the relative similarities and differences between the species. Resemblances of humans are due to the fact that they evolved from a common ancestor, and their differences are due to adaptations to various types of climate.
The modern system of classification is also called phylogenetic classification; which means it is based on evolutionary relationships. Hence, evolution and classification are closely related.
Organisms are classified on the basis of similarities and differences amongst them. Thus, organisms with similar features are grouped together. if another organism shows all features of a particular group and some modifications over it, than it is said to more evolved. So one can say that in a particular group the organisms would have co-evolved. this shows that evolution and classification are interlinked.