New combinations of traits in F2 offspring occur when the factors controlling seed shape and seed color recombine during the formation of zygotes. This recombination leads to F2 offspring with diverse trait combinations, such as tall plants with wrinkled seeds or short plants with round seeds.
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New combinations of traits in F2 offspring result from the random assortment of alleles during meiosis and fertilization. In the F1 generation, alleles from the parental generation segregate into gametes independently. When F1 individuals self-pollinate or undergo cross-pollination, the combination of gametes leads to the recombination of alleles. As a result, F2 offspring inherit unique combinations of alleles, giving rise to various phenotypes. This process, known as independent assortment, contributes to the genetic diversity observed in populations, reflecting the assortment of traits in ways not predictable from the parental generation alone.