How are monosaccharides classified based on their functional groups, and what is the nomenclature for monosaccharides containing aldehyde or keto groups?

Monosaccharides are classified based on their functional groups. Those with an aldehyde group are aldoses, and those with a keto group are ketoses. In aldoses, the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain, while in ketoses, it is within the chain. Monosaccharides containing an aldehyde group are named with the suffix “-ose” and the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms (e.g., triose, tetrose). If they contain a keto group, they are named similarly, with the ending “-ulose.” For example, a five-carbon ketose is a pentulose. This nomenclature reflects the structure and classification of monosaccharides based on their functional groups.