Humans depend on other organisms for food, oxygen, medicines and ecosystem stability via food webs. Reciprocally, human actions influence biodiversity, ecological balance and nutrient cycles, creating a mutual, intertwined dependency on Earth.
Class 9 Social Science Part 2 book Solutions
Chapter 2 Life on Earth (Social Science 2) Solutions
Humans and other organisms are deeply connected through intricate ecological webs, energy transfers and biogeochemical cycles. Plants produce the oxygen humans breathe and synthesize base nutrients, while insects and birds enable vital crop pollination. Microorganisms decompose organic waste to enrich soils for agriculture. Human health, shelter and industry rely directly on these ecosystem services, while our conservation efforts or environmental damage profoundly affect all wildlife populations.
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