In the common system, dihalogen derivatives use prefixes o-, m-, p-, while in the IUPAC system, numerals 1,2; 1,3; and 1,4 are used to denote the positions of halogen atoms in the benzene ring.
How are dihalogen derivatives of benzene named differently in the common system compared to the IUPAC system, and what prefixes or numerals are used in each system for dihalogen derivatives?
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In the common system, dihalogen derivatives of benzene are named using ortho (o-), meta (m-), and para (p-) prefixes to indicate the relative positions of the two halogen substituents. For example, dichlorobenzene can be ortho-dichlorobenzene, meta-dichlorobenzene, or para-dichlorobenzene. In the IUPAC system, numerical locants (1,2-; 1,3-; 1,4-) are used to specify the positions of the halogen substituents. Using the example of dichlorobenzene, it can be 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, or 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The IUPAC system provides a standardized nomenclature based on numerical locants.