How are carbohydrates utilized as storage molecules in plants and animals, and what are some industrial applications of carbohydrates?

In plants, carbohydrates serve as storage molecules primarily in the form of starch, accumulating in structures like roots and seeds. Animals store carbohydrates as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Both starch and glycogen can be broken down into glucose to provide energy during metabolic processes. Industrially, carbohydrates find applications in diverse sectors. Starch is used in food production, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. Cellulose is utilized for paper and textile manufacturing. Additionally, carbohydrates like xanthan gum and carrageenan have applications in the food industry as thickeners and stabilizers, showcasing the versatility of carbohydrates in various industrial processes.