Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.

(a) Asia: The silk routes are an example of global exchanges which took place between distant parts of the world’ The West-bound Chinese silk cargoes were sent through these routes. Many silk routes have been identified which linked vast areas of Asia with Europe northern Africa. These routes have existed much before the Christian Era and were used till the fifteenth century. These routes were used for Chinese pottery and textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver – flowed from Europe to Asia”. Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand. That is why the Christian missionaries, Muslim preachers too travelled along these routes” In ancient times, Buddhism spread in different directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.
(b) Americas: After the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, Chilies came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians. From the sixteenth century, America’ s vast lands, abundant crops and minerals transformed. trade and lives everywhere. Precious metals like Silver from mines in Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia’ Thus, there were global exchanges even before the seventeenth century.

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