Extraction processes for metals like silver and gold involve complex formation, such as the formation of [Au(CN)₂]⁻ in the presence of cyanide. Purification of metals, as seen in the case of nickel, involves converting impure nickel to [Ni(CO)₄], which is subsequently decomposed to obtain pure nickel.
Give examples of extraction processes where the formation of coordination compounds is utilized, and how does this process contribute to the purification of metals?
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Solvent extraction and liquid-liquid extraction processes utilize the formation of coordination compounds for metal purification. In the extraction of copper from its ores, copper ions form a complex with a ligand in an organic solvent, facilitating their separation from other impurities. Similarly, the extraction of uranium involves the formation of coordination complexes with an organic ligand in an immiscible solvent. These complexes can be selectively extracted, leading to the purification of the metal. The use of coordination compounds in extraction processes enhances the selectivity and efficiency of metal purification by exploiting the differences in coordination chemistry among various metal ions.