An ideal gas follows the ideal gas law, where pressure, volume, and temperature are related. It consists of randomly moving particles with no intermolecular forces. Collisions between particles and container walls are perfectly elastic. The gas obeys Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Avogadro’s laws and behaves ideally at high temperature and low pressure.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 12 covers Waves for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains the nature and types of waves including mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It describes wave motion, characteristics, and equations. Concepts like superposition, reflection, refraction, and Doppler effect are discussed. Understanding these principles helps in solving numerical problems and real-life applications.
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The gas constant (R) is a universal constant that appears in the ideal gas equation:
PV = nRT
where:
– P is pressure,
– V is volume,
– n is the number of moles,
– T is temperature.
The value of R is the same for all ideal gases and is approximately 8.314 J/(mol·K).
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