The Sandmeyer reaction involves the displacement of nitrogen by Cl⁻, Br⁻, or CN⁻ in the presence of Cu(I) ion. The Gatterman reaction introduces chlorine or bromine into the benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with the corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder.
Explain the Sandmeyer reaction and Gatterman reaction for the introduction of halide or cyanide groups into the benzene ring using diazonium salts.
Share
The Sandmeyer reaction involves the conversion of a diazonium salt into a halide by treating it with copper(I) halide (CuX), where X is the halide. This reaction enables the introduction of halide groups onto the benzene ring. The Gattermann reaction utilizes diazonium salts to introduce cyano groups into the benzene ring by reacting them with cuprous cyanide (CuCN). Both reactions are important for functionalizing aromatic compounds, allowing the synthesis of diverse halide and cyanide derivatives. These transformations are widely employed in organic synthesis for the preparation of various compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.