Catalysis at a solid surface, especially by first-row transition metals utilizing 3d and 4s electrons for bonding, involves the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and catalyst surface atoms. This increases reactant concentration at the catalyst surface and weakens bonds in reacting molecules, lowering activation energy.
Explain the role of the solid surface in catalysis involving transition metals, and how does it affect reactant molecules and activation energy?
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In catalysis involving transition metals, the solid surface plays a crucial role by providing sites for adsorption and facilitating interactions with reactant molecules. The surface acts as a platform for the formation of reactive intermediates, bringing reactants into close proximity and enabling efficient chemical transformations. Adsorption on the solid surface alters the electronic structure of reactant molecules, reducing the activation energy required for the reaction. This lowers the energy barrier, accelerating the rate of the catalytic process. The solid surface, acting as a catalyst support, enhances the efficiency of transition metal catalysis by influencing the adsorption, activation, and subsequent reaction steps.