Class 10 Contemporary India
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4
Social Science Class 10 History
The Age of Industrialisation 4
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 1 Part: b
During the 17th century in Europe, town merchants initiated the “putting-out” system. They provided materials and tools to rural peasants and artisans in villages. These villagers crafted goods in their homes, allowing merchants to sell products in cities. This arrangement helped supplement rural incomes and laid groundwork for industrial production changes later on.
By the late 18th century, Surat’s port declined due to various reasons. Shifts in trade routes favored ports like Bombay and Calcutta under British control. Political instability after the decline of the Mughal Empire, silting in the Tapti River, and a decrease in demand for Surat’s textiles contributed to its diminishing significance in trade.
In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages. As a result of expansion of world trade and acquisition of colonies demand for goods had increased significantly. The merchants, however, could not increase production in towns as the urban crafts and trade guilds were powerful. They, therefore, turned towards countryside where the conditions were favourable for them because in the countryside, with the disappearance of open fields and enclosure of common lands, the peasants were in search of alternative sources of income. So when merchants came to countryside and offered advances to produce goods for them, peasant households eagerly agreed. It was beneficial for them too because they could remain in the countryside and could also cultivate their small plots of land. It enabled them to use full strength of their families as well
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In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages because production in urban areas could not be increased due to the presence of powerful trade guilds. These maintained control over production, regulated prices and competition, and restricted the entry of new people in the trade. Monopolisation was also a common tactic. In the countryside, there were no such rules, and impoverished peasants welcomed these merchants.
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