Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle

(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration:-
1. It uses oxygen for deriving energy.
2. It occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria.
3. The end products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.
4. Complete oxidation of respiratory substrate takes place.
5. 36-38 ATP molecules are produced.
Anaerobic respiration:-
1. It occurs in the absence of oxygen.
2. It occurs in cytoplasm.
3. The end products of fermentation are ethyl alcohol and carbon-dioxide.
4. Incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate takes place.
5. Only 2 ATP molecules are produced.

(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation:-
Glycolysis:-
1. Glycolysis occurs during aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
2. Pyruvic acid is produced as its end product.
Fermentation:-
1. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration.
2. Ethanol or lactic acid is produced as its end product.

(c) Glycolysis and citric acid cycle
Glycolysis:-
1. It is a linear pathway.
2. It occurs in the cell cytoplasm.
3. It occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
4. One glucose molecule breaks down to generate 2 NADH₂ and 2 ATP molecules.
Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle):-
1. It is a cyclic pathway.
2. It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
3. It occurs in aerobic respiration.
4. It produces 6 NADH₂, 2 FADH₂, and 2 ATP molecules on breakdown of two acetyl-coA molecules.