Differentiate between non-essential and essential amino acids, and what determines whether an amino acid is synthesized in the body or must be obtained through the diet?

Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while essential amino acids must be obtained through the diet. The body can produce non-essential amino acids via metabolic pathways. Essential amino acids, crucial for protein synthesis and various physiological functions, must be acquired from dietary sources since the body lacks the necessary biosynthetic pathways. The determination is based on the body’s ability (or inability) to synthesize specific amino acids, making essential amino acids dietary prerequisites for optimal health, growth, and maintenance of bodily functions.