Describe characteristics and uses of coke.

Coke, a product derived from heating bituminous coal or coal blends in the absence of air, possesses distinct characteristics and serves various purposes:

Characteristics:
1. Porosity: It exhibits a porous structure due to the elimination of volatile components during its production, rendering it lightweight and porous.

2. High Carbon Content: Comprised largely of carbon, coke represents a relatively pure form of carbon after the removal of volatile elements.

3. Exceptional Heat Resistance: Its excellent heat resistance makes it ideal for high-temperature applications without compromising its structural integrity.

4. Low Moisture and Ash Content: Coke typically has minimal moisture and ash content, making it advantageous for industrial uses.

Uses:
1. Metallurgical Industry: Mainly used as a fuel and a reducing agent in iron and steel production, providing high heat and serving as a source of carbon in smelting processes.

2. Fuel Source: Employed in various industries for its high heat output, including cement manufacturing and other processes requiring intense heat.

3. Chemical Industry: Utilized in chemical manufacturing and in processes demanding high temperatures, such as the production of calcium carbide.

4. Domestic Heating: In some areas, coke is utilized for household heating purposes, akin to coal.

Coke’s valuable properties make it essential in industries necessitating high heat and carbon content, particularly in steelmaking where its high purity and heat output play vital roles. Its versatility as a fuel and a reducing agent underscores its significance across various industrial applications.