A ratio is a mathematical expression that compares two quantities by division. It shows the relative sizes of two or more values and can be represented in various forms such as fractions decimals or percentages. Ratios are commonly used in fields like finance science and statistics for analysis and comparison.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 explores the mechanical properties of solids focusing on stress strain and elasticity. It discusses how materials respond to applied forces and the resulting deformations. Key concepts include Hooke’s law the distinction between elastic and plastic behavior and the practical implications of these properties in engineering and material science.
Poisson’s ratio (ν) is defined as the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain when a material is subjected to uniaxial stress. It denotes how much a material deforms in the lateral direction when it is stretched or compressed along its length. Mathematically it can be represented as follows:
u = – (transverse strain)/(axial strain) = – (Δd/d)/(ΔL/L)
Where:
– Δd is the change in diameter (transverse deformation),
– d is the original diameter,
– ΔL is the change in length (axial deformation),
– L is the original length.
Important Points
Poisson’s ratio is a dimensionless quantity.
It generally lies between 0 and 0.5 for most materials with values near to 0.5 showing that the material is almost incompressible.
A value of 0 means that there is no transverse deformation when the material is stretched or compressed.
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