NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1
Social Science Class 10 History
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe 1
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
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Questions No: 2
Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
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Culture significantly contributed to European nationalism in the 19th century through various forms of expression. Literature, exemplified by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s works in Germany, celebrated German culture and language, fostering a sense of identity. Artists like Eugène Delacroix in France used paintings like “Liberty Leading the People” to symbolize nationalistic ideals, inspiring unity and liberty. Additionally, musicians like Bedřich Smetana in Czechoslovakia composed music rooted in national folklore, reinforcing national pride. These cultural expressions served as powerful tools, evoking patriotic sentiments, and contributing to the growth of nationalism by uniting people through shared cultural identities.
Apart from wars and territorial expansion, culture also played a crucial role in the development of nationalism. Romanticism was a European cultural movement aimed at developing national unity by creating a sense of shared heritage and common history. The Romantic artists’ emphasis on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings gave shape and expression to nationalist sentiments. The strength of art in promoting nationalism is well exemplified in the role played by European poets and artists in mobilising public opinion to support the Greeks in their struggle to establish their national identity.
Folk songs, dances and poetry contributed to popularising the spirit of nationalism and patriotic fervour in Europe. Collecting and recording the different forms of folk culture was important for building a national consciousness. Being a part of the lives of the common people, folk culture enabled nationalists to carry the message of nationalism to a large and diverse audience. The Polish composer Karol Kurpinski celebrated and popularised the Polish nationalist struggle through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.
Language also played a distinctive role in developing nationalist feelings in Europe. An example of this is how during Russian occupation, the use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian dominance. During this period, Polish language was forced out of schools and Russian language was imposed everywhere. Following the defeat of an armed rebellion against Russian rule in 1831, many members of the clergy in Poland began using language as a weapon of national resistance. They did so by refusing to preach in Russian, and by using Polish for Church gatherings and religious instruction. The emphasis on the use of vernacular language, the language of the masses, helped spread the message of national unity.
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