NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 8
How do Organisms Reproduce?
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-133
Questions No-3
Can you think of reasons why more complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration?
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Simple organisms such as Hydra and Planaria are capable of producing new individuals
through the process of regeneration. The process of regeneration involves the formation
of new organisms from its body parts. Simple organisms can utilize this method of
reproduction as their entire body is made of similar kind of cells in which any part of their
body can be formed by growth and development.
However, complex organisms have organ-system level of organization. All the organ
systems of their body work together as an interconnected unit. They can regenerate their
lost body parts such as skin, muscles, blood, etc. However, they cannot give rise to new
individuals through regeneration.
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Complex organisms are not simply a random collection of cells where specialized cells are organised as tissues, and tissues ale organised into organs which then have to be placed at definite positions in the body. In such a carefully organised situation, it is not easy to develoP organism through regeneration.
Higher complex organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration because complex organisms have organ-system level of organization. All the organ systems of their body work together as an interconnected unit. They can regenerate their lost body parts such as skin, muscles, blood, etc. However, they cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration.
Complex organisms have highly differentiated tissues and organs and not a single cell of a tissue is able to produce another type of tissue. For example, a dog is a complex multicellular organism and if we cut dog into two parts, then the cells of one part are not able to produce cells of other body part to produce a complete dog but in case of hydra (simple organism), regeneration takes place because cells in the cut body part are able to produce cells of other body parts.
Complex organism have division of labour in their body, to avoid duplication of efforts. Thus they have specialised organs to perform specific functions. Through regeneration, it will not always be possible to differentiate in all types of cells. Thus, more complex organisms use more complex ways of reproduction.