Artificial kidney works on which of the following principles?

The artificial kidney functions primarily on the principle of [C] Dialysis. Dialysis is a process that replicates the natural function of the kidneys, which involves removing waste products and excess fluids from the blood. It operates by utilizing diffusion, a process where solutes move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. In hemodialysis, blood flows through one side of the semi-permeable membrane while a dialysis solution flows on the other side.

This allows waste products and excess fluids in the blood to pass through the membrane and be removed by the dialysis solution. Osmosis also plays a role in dialysis by facilitating the movement of water across the membrane to maintain proper fluid balance. Active circulation, however, is not a primary principle of artificial kidney function.