Magnesium contains 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 12 electrons. The 12 electrons are distributed across shells in the electronic configuration 2, 8, 2, placing two in K-shell, eight in L-shell and two in M-shell.
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Rutherford concluded that the positive charge is not spread out but concentrated at the center in an extremely small, dense region called the nucleus, which also contains nearly all the mass of the atom.