Neutral aluminium-27 has 13 electrons and 14 neutrons. Bromide ion-80 has 36 electrons and 45 neutrons. Mercury-201 ion has 78 electrons and 121 neutrons. Neutrons equal mass number minus protons and electrons account for charges.
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Element B is more reactive because it needs only one electron to attain stability. Both elements are non-metals, so they share electrons to form covalent bonds, resulting in the molecular compound AB3 or PCl3.
Row NH4+: NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)3PO4. Row Li+: LiNO3, Li2SO4, Li3PO4. Row Al3+: Al(NO3)3, Al2(SO4)3, AlPO4. Row Cu2+: Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4, Cu3(PO4)2. Each entry balances the positive and negative charges of the combining ions.
The resulting chemical formulae are Mg3N2, Li3N, Na2S and Al2O3. In each compound, the combining valencies of the metal and non-metal elements are criss-crossed to establish an electrically neutral ionic substance.
The calculated formula unit masses are 80 u for ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, 98 u for phosphoric acid H3PO4 and 84 u for sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3, found by adding the individual atomic masses.