The orbital plane of the Earth is the flat, two-dimensional surface on which Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun lies. This plane is known as the ecliptic plane. The Earth’s axis is tilted at about 23.5 degrees relative to this ...
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The smallest country in the world by land area is Vatican City. It covers just 44 hectares (110 acres) or about 0.49 square kilometers (0.19 square miles). Located entirely within the city of Rome, Italy, Vatican City is the spiritual ...
A small scale map shows a large geographic area with limited detail. For example, 1 cm on the map might represent 100 km on the ground. These maps are useful for understanding broad spatial relationships and large regions, such as ...
The Arctic refers to the polar region at the Earth’s northernmost part, including the Arctic Ocean and surrounding lands. It is characterized by ice-covered waters and polar tundra. The Antarctic is the polar region at the southernmost part of the ...
A physical map shows the natural features of a region, including mountains, valleys, plains, and bodies of water. It uses color gradients and shading to represent elevation and terrain variations, providing a three-dimensional perspective of the landscape. Physical maps help ...
The Indian Ocean is approximately triangular in shape. It is bounded by the eastern coast of Africa to the west, the southern coast of Asia to the north, and the western coast of Australia to the east. This ocean covers ...
The biosphere encompasses all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with the atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. It includes diverse ecosystems, from forests and oceans to deserts and tundras, supporting life through complex biological processes and cycles that sustain and ...
The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, essential for life. It comprises nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases, regulating temperature, weather, and climate. It protects living organisms from harmful solar radiation and enables respiration, making it crucial for ...
The world’s widest river is the Amazon River. During the rainy season, its width can exceed 24.8 kilometers (15.4 miles) in certain areas. Located in South America, it flows through countries including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. The Amazon River is ...
The major oceans on Earth are the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest, followed by the Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans, each playing a crucial role ...