The female sages known to contribute to the Vedic hymns are referred to as “Rishikas.” Among them, prominent figures include Gargi, Maitreyi, and Lopamudra, who are recognized for their intellectual and spiritual contributions in the Vedic texts. These women are ...
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The literal meaning of the word “Veda” is “knowledge” or “wisdom” in Sanskrit. The Vedas are ancient sacred texts of Hinduism, composed between 1500 and 500 BCE, and are considered the foundational scriptures of the religion. They encompass a vast ...
The school of thought known for its focus on strict non-violence (ahimsa) and the rejection of the authority of the Vedas is Jainism. Founded by Mahavira in the 6th century BCE, Jainism emphasizes rigorous ethical principles, including non-violence in thought, ...
The term “Jain” derives from the Sanskrit word “Jina,” meaning “conqueror” or “victor.” It refers to individuals who have achieved spiritual victory over worldly attachments and desires, ultimately attaining liberation (moksha). This term reflects the core philosophy of Jainism, which ...
The prince regarded as the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama, who later became known as the Buddha, meaning “the Enlightened One.” Born in the 5th to 4th century BCE in present-day Nepal, Siddhartha renounced his royal life in search ...
In Jainism, the concept of Aparigraha refers to non-possessiveness or non-attachment to material possessions. It emphasizes the importance of limiting one’s desires and avoiding the accumulation of wealth and resources beyond one’s immediate needs. Aparigraha is considered essential for spiritual ...
One concept that is not shared by the Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain schools of thought is the idea of a permanent soul (Ātman). In Vedic philosophy, particularly in Hinduism, the concept of Ātman refers to the eternal self or soul. ...
The Vedic statement “ekam sat viprā bahudhā vadanti” translates to “Truth is one; the wise call it by various names.” This profound idea signifies the fundamental unity of truth and reality, suggesting that despite the diversity of beliefs and expressions ...
The ancient Indian text recognized by UNESCO for its oral and intangible heritage is the “Vedas.” These foundational scriptures of Hinduism, consisting of four main texts—Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda—are composed of hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings. Their oral transmission ...
The primary focus of the Upanishads is the exploration of spiritual knowledge and the nature of ultimate reality, specifically concepts like Brahman (the universal soul) and Ātman (the individual soul). These ancient texts emphasize self-realization, meditation, and the relationship between ...