For A, acceleration = 1 m s⁻² and displacement in 5 s = 12.5 m. For B, acceleration = 0.3 m s⁻² and displacement in 10 s = 15 m. Their velocity-time graphs are straight lines from the origin.
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An object kept on the Earth can be considered at rest relative to the Earth, because its position does not change with respect to the Earth. However, relative to the Sun, it is moving.
The bus speed is 10 m s⁻¹. During reaction, it travels 5 m. Braking distance = 10²/(2 × 2.5) = 20 m. Total stopping distance = 25 m, less than 30 m. Yes, it stops safely.
(i) Average velocity equals average speed when the object moves in a straight line without changing direction. (ii) Average velocity is zero when the object returns to its starting point, although it has travelled a non-zero distance.
The student travels 4 × 3 = 12 m upward and then 2 × 3 = 6 m downward. Therefore, total distance = 18 m and displacement from the ground floor = 6 m upward.