The term “value addition” refers to the process of enhancing the worth or utility of a product or service through various means. This can involve transforming raw materials into finished goods, improving product quality, or adding features that increase consumer ...
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In Anu and Kabir’s story, it is Kabir who receives a salary as part of his job. He works in a capacity that requires him to perform specific tasks or services in exchange for monetary compensation. This dynamic illustrates the ...
“Payment in kind” refers to a type of compensation where goods or services are exchanged instead of cash. This can include payments made in the form of agricultural products, commodities, or services, allowing individuals or businesses to fulfill their obligations ...
Citizen cooperation is essential for the effective functioning of urban local bodies because it fosters accountability and enhances service delivery. When residents actively engage with local governance, they can voice their needs and priorities, helping urban bodies tailor their services ...
The East India Company played a historic role in establishing municipal governance in India by introducing formal administrative structures in major cities during the colonial period. In 1687, the Company set up the first municipal corporation in Bombay (now Mumbai) ...
Urban local bodies generally raise funds through a combination of sources, including property taxes, service charges, and grants from state and central governments. Property taxes are a primary revenue source, collected from residents and businesses based on the value of ...
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is significant as the governing body of Mumbai, one of the largest and most populous cities in India. Established in 1888, it plays a crucial role in providing essential services such as water ...
Citizens play a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of urban local bodies by actively participating in the democratic process and engaging with local governance. They can voice their concerns, provide feedback, and suggest improvements through public meetings, consultations, and ...
In towns with smaller populations, the type of urban local body found is a Municipality. Municipalities are responsible for managing local governance and civic services in these towns, addressing essential needs such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, and local ...
The smallest administrative unit within a city under urban local bodies is known as a ward. Wards serve as the basic building blocks for urban governance, allowing local representatives to address specific issues within smaller community segments. Each ward is ...