“Payment in kind” refers to a type of compensation where goods or services are exchanged instead of cash. This can include payments made in the form of agricultural products, commodities, or services, allowing individuals or businesses to fulfill their obligations ...
Tiwari Academy Discussion Latest Questions
The actions of responsible citizens significantly impact the work of urban local bodies by promoting accountability and enhancing service delivery. When citizens engage actively—such as participating in community clean-up drives, reporting issues promptly, or attending public meetings—they help urban bodies ...
Under Citizen Relationship Management (CRM), urban local bodies like the Indore Municipal Corporation provide a variety of services aimed at enhancing citizen engagement and improving service delivery. These services typically include online platforms for lodging complaints regarding sanitation, water supply, ...
Citizen cooperation is essential for the effective functioning of urban local bodies because it fosters accountability and enhances service delivery. When residents actively engage with local governance, they can voice their needs and priorities, helping urban bodies tailor their services ...
The East India Company played a historic role in establishing municipal governance in India by introducing formal administrative structures in major cities during the colonial period. In 1687, the Company set up the first municipal corporation in Bombay (now Mumbai) ...
A key characteristic of a participatory democracy in urban governance is the active engagement of citizens in decision-making processes. This approach encourages residents to contribute their ideas, opinions, and feedback on local policies, projects, and issues that affect their communities. ...
The main advantage of having a ward system in urban areas is that it facilitates localized governance and representation. By dividing cities into smaller administrative units, wards enable residents to have direct access to their elected representatives, making it easier ...
The governance system that allows local communities to have a say in how their areas are managed is known as decentralized governance or local self-governance. This system empowers local bodies, such as Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas and urban ...
The beginning of municipal administration in India is marked by the Municipal Corporation Act of 1888, which established the first municipal corporation in Mumbai (then Bombay). This act was a significant step in formalizing local governance and provided a structured ...
Urban governance is generally more complex than rural governance due to the high population density and diverse demographic characteristics of urban areas. Cities face intricate challenges such as managing traffic congestion, waste disposal, housing shortages, and public health issues, all ...